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With the expansion of novel coronavirus pneumonia's influence on the world, people's dependence on infrared thermometer guns is increasing. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the infrared temperature measuring gun and meet the requirements of rapid and accurate measurement of human body temperature, the core components for the infrared temperature measuring gun are developed and prepared in this paper. The film fogging phenomenon caused by the anisotropy of metal germanium and semiconductor properties is analysed and solved by measuring the atomic force microscope image and infrared spectrum of the film, the 5.5-micron infrared filter with high transmittance and good film quality was prepared by electron beam evaporation, resistance evaporation and ion source assisted deposition.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological and genomic characteristics of COVID-19 cases imported by land in Ruili, and to provide reference for border epidemic prevention and control in Yunnan Province. Methods We collected information about SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals from overseas land in Ruili, Yunnan from July to November, 2021. The epidemiological characteristics were statistically analyzed. The second-generation sequencing platform of Illumina was used to conduct high-through-put sequencing on the selected 40 positive samples and to analyze their genotyping and variation characteristics. Results During the study period,Ruili City reported 796 COVID-19 cases from abroad.The median age of COVID-19 cases was 28.5 years (Interquantile range 10, range 1–85). The gender ratio between men and women was 4.61 : 1, Most of these infected individuals engaged in business services, accounting for 49.75% (396/796) , 95.60% of COVID-19 cases were mild and moderate cases. The sequencing results of 34 cases can be divided into three clades according to Nextstrain typing method, including 24 cases belong to 21A(Delta) clade, 9 cases belong to 21I(Delta) clade and 1 case belongs to 20I (Alpha V1) clade. Conclusions The virus genotypes of the cases in this study were mainly divided into three branches and there were some differences among them, most of which were Delta mutants.We should continue to implement border control measures and continue to monitor the virus mutation of imported cases, so as to evaluate the threat of the mutant strain to the current situation of epidemic prevention and control in Yunnan Province. © 2023, Publication Centre of Anhui Medical University. All rights reserved.
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Sudden infectious diseases and other malignant events cause excessive costs in the supply chain, particularly in the transportation sector. This issue, along with the uncertainty of the development of global epidemics and the frequency of extreme natural disaster events, continues to provoke discussion and reflection. However, transport systems involve interactions between different modes, which are further complicated by the reliable coupling of multiple modes. Therefore, for the vital subsystem of the supply chain-multimodal transport, in this paper, a heuristic algorithm considering node topology and transport characteristics in a multimodal transport network (MTN): the Reliability Oriented Routing Algorithm (RORA), is proposed based on the super-network and improved k-shell (IKS) algorithm. An empirical case based on the Yangtze River Delta region of China demonstrates that RORA enables a 16% reduction in the boundary value for route failure and a reduction of about 60.58% in the route cost increase compared to the typical cost-optimal algorithm, which means that RORA results in a more reliable routing solution. The analysis of network reliability also shows that the IKS values of the nodes are positively correlated with the reliability of the MTN, and nodes with different modes may have different transport reliabilities (highest for highways and lowest for inland waterways). These findings inform a reliability-based scheme and network design for multimodal transportation. Practical Applications: Recently, the COVID-19 epidemic and the frequency of natural disasters such as floods have prompted scholars to consider transport reliability. Therefore, efficient and reliable cargo transportation solutions are crucial for the sustainable development of multimodal transport in a country or region. In this paper, a new algorithm is designed to obtain a reliability-oriented optimal routing scheme for multimodal transport. Using actual data from the Yangtze River Delta region of China as an example for experimental analysis, we obtain that: (1) the proposed algorithm is superior in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and route reliability, which means that the new algorithm can quickly find more reliable routing solutions in the event of urban transport infrastructure failures;and (2) highway hubs have the greatest transport reliability. Conversely, inland waterway hubs are the least reliable. The influence of national highways and railways on the multimodal transport system is unbalanced. These findings provide decision support to transport policymakers on reliability. For example, transport investments should be focused on building large infrastructure and increasing transport capacity, strengthening the connectivity of inland waterway hubs to hubs with higher transport advantages, and leveraging the role of large hubs. © 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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With the expansion of novel coronavirus pneumonia's influence on the world, people's dependence on infrared thermometer guns is increasing. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the infrared temperature measuring gun and meet the requirements of rapid and accurate measurement of human body temperature, the core components for the infrared temperature measuring gun are developed and prepared in this paper. The film fogging phenomenon caused by the anisotropy of metal germanium and semiconductor properties is analysed and solved by measuring the atomic force microscope image and infrared spectrum of the film, the 5.5-micron infrared filter with high transmittance and good film quality was prepared by electron beam evaporation, resistance evaporation and ion source assisted deposition. © 2022 IEEE.
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Disruptions in maritime networks may cause significant financial burden and damage to business. Recently, some international ports have been experiencing unprecedented congestions due to the COVID19 pandemic and other disruptions. It is paramount for the maritime industry to further enhance the capability to assess and predict impacts of disruptions. With more data available from industrial digitization and more advanced technologies developed for big data analytics and simulation, it is possible to build up such capability. In this study, we developed a discrete event simulation model backed with big data analytics for realistic and valid inputs to assess impacts of the Suez Canal blockage to the Port of Singapore. The simulation results reveal an interesting finding that, the blockage occurred in the Suez Canal can hardly cause significant congestion in the Port of Singapore. The work can be extended to evaluate impacts of other types of disruptions, even occurring concurrently. © 2022 IEEE.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological and genomic characteristics of COVID-19 cases imported by land in Ruili, and to provide reference for border epidemic prevention and control in Yunnan Province. Methods We collected information about SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals from overseas land in Ruili, Yunnan from July to November, 2021. The epidemiological characteristics were statistically analyzed. The second-generation sequencing platform of Illumina was used to conduct high-through-put sequencing on the selected 40 positive samples and to analyze their genotyping and variation characteristics. Results During the study period,Ruili City reported 796 COVID-19 cases from abroad.The median age of COVID-19 cases was 28.5 years (Interquantile range 10, range 1-85). The gender ratio between men and women was 4.61 : 1, Most of these infected individuals engaged in business services, accounting for 49.75% (396/796) , 95.60% of COVID-19 cases were mild and moderate cases. The sequencing results of 34 cases can be divided into three clades according to Nextstrain typing method, including 24 cases belong to 21A(Delta) clade, 9 cases belong to 21I(Delta) clade and 1 case belongs to 20I (Alpha V1) clade. Conclusions The virus genotypes of the cases in this study were mainly divided into three branches and there were some differences among them, most of which were Delta mutants.We should continue to implement border control measures and continue to monitor the virus mutation of imported cases, so as to evaluate the threat of the mutant strain to the current situation of epidemic prevention and control in Yunnan Province.Copyright © 2023, Publication Centre of Anhui Medical University. All rights reserved.
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Global travel and trade have been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. Border closures have impacted both leisure and business travel. The socioeconomic costs of border closure are particularly severe for individuals living and working across state lines, for which previously unhindered passage has been curtailed, and daily commute across borders is now virtually impossible. Here, we examine how the periodic screening of daily cross-border commuters across territories with relatively low COVID-19 incidence will impact the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 across borders using agent-based simulation. We find that periodic testing at practical frequencies of once every 7, 14 or 21 days would reduce the number of infected individuals crossing the border. The unique transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 suggest that periodic testing of populations with low incidence is of limited use in reducing cross-border transmission and is not as cost-effective as other mitigation measures for preventing transmission. © 2022 IEEE.
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Inferring individual human mobility at a given time is not only beneficial for personalized location-based services but also crucial for tracking trajectory of the confirmed cases in the COVID-19 pandemic. However, individual-generated trajectory data from mobile Apps are characterized by implicit feedback, which means only a few individual-location interactions can be observed. Existing studies based on such sparse trajectory data are not sufficient to infer an individual's missing mobility in his/her historical trajectory and further predict an individual's future mobility at a given time under a unified framework. To address this concern, in this article, we propose a temporal-context-aware framework that incorporates multiple factors to model the time-sensitive individual-location interactions in a bottom-up way. Based on the idea of feature fusion, the driving effect of heterogeneous information on an individual's mobility is gradually strengthened, so that the temporal-spatial context when a check-in occurs can be accurately perceived. We leverage Bayesian personalized ranking (BPR) to optimize the model, where a novel negative sampling method is employed to alleviate data sparseness. Based on three real-world datasets, we evaluate the proposed approach with regard to two different tasks, namely, missing mobility inference and future mobility prediction at a given time. Experimental results encouragingly demonstrate that our approach outperforms multiple baselines in terms of two evaluation metrics. Furthermore, the predictability of individual mobility within different time windows is also revealed.
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Since the coronavirus disease outbreak, older adults have been isolated from family, as in-person contact declined, and many turned to digital contact to stay in touch. This form of contact, consisting of texting, email, and social media, is labeled digital solidarity. A key advantage of digital communication over in-person contact is that it requires less investment of time and no geographic proximity. However, it is unclear whether digital solidarity represents a separate dimension of intergenerational solidarity, and whether it compensates for low in-person contact. In this paper, we examined traditional and digital types of intergenerational communication between older parents and adult children, and their associations with older adults' perceived quality of communication and closeness with children. We used the 2016 wave of the Longitudinal Study of Generations to generate a sample of 580 older parents who reported on relationships with 1,489 adult children. Adopting a three-step latent class approach, we identified four classes of intergenerational communication: all-type contact, no contact, digital contact, and traditional contact. Older adults in both no contact and digital contact classes were less likely to report being emotionally close with their adult children when compared to those in the traditional contact class. No difference in perceived quality of communication was found between contact classes. Our findings indicate that digital solidarity is a distinct dimension of intergenerational solidarity and can compensate for reduced in-person contact with children. Discussion centers on the implications of these results for pandemic times and a replication using recently collected data from 2021-22.
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Hydraulic design is automatically inherent in hydraulic engineering courses, conventional teaching of the Waterway Engineering Design course tends to have limitations such as low participation, poor interactivity, disconnection between theoretical and experimental training, and restriction of experimental design by time and space. To address these needs, a virtual simulation cloud system of Waterway Engineering Design is developed based on outcome-based education. Taking real engineering projects as prototypes, this system adopts virtual reality technology and cloud platform to simulate the scene structure and instrument function with high precision. The multi-model, integrational teaching expands the experimental content, enhances the interactivity of the design process, and provides a high-quality, immersive online learning experience for students. Since its application, the Waterway Engineering Design Virtual Simulation Cloud System has received good feedback from both teachers and students. During the Covid-19 epidemic, it provided significant support for experiments and teaching of the Waterway Engineering Design course and became a pivotal supplement to the existing teaching system. The Waterway Engineering Design Virtual Simulation Cloud System adheres to the “student-centered” teaching principle, builds up students’ ability for independent learning and engineering practice, and facilitates their personal development and training for excellent engineers © 2022, International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning.All Rights Reserved.
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Purpose: To investigate the mechanisms of action of Wei-Sheng-Fang-Yi-Bao-Dan (WSFYBD) in the treatment of COVID-19 and depression using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Method(s): First, the bioactive components and target genes of WSFYBD were retrieved from TCMSP database. The relevant gene targets of depression and COVID-19 were obtained from databases. The core WSFYBD genes for treatment were separately obtained by determining gene intersection. Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to draw the visual interactive networks. STRING database was employed to construct protein-protein interaction networks, while Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses were used to determine the function and pathway of target genes via a Bioconductor/R. Finally, AutoDockTools software was employed for molecular docking. Result(s): A total of 105 potential bio-active components and 35 target genes of WSFYBD for COVID-19 therapy were identified. Also, 1905 GO entries (p < 0.05) and 158 related signal pathways (p < 0.05) for COVID-19 were obtained. Similarly, 114 potential bio-active components of WSFYBD and 127 potential therapeutic targets of depression were identified. Moreover, 1948 GO entries (p < 0.05) and 177 related signal pathways for depression were retrieved (p < 0.05). Docking results showed the main bio-active components were closely bound to the core targets. Conclusion(s): The mechanisms for treating COVID-19 show that WSFYBD directly acts on SARS-CoV-2 virus to prevent it from entering the host cell, or inhibits virus replication. Secondly, WSFYBD ameliorates depression by acting on key targets that control over-activated cytokines. Therefore, WSFYBD has potentials for the management of COVID-19 and depression. Copyright © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. © 2022 The authors. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Ridesplitting, as an emerging shared mobility, has gradually become one of the important travel modes for urban residents. With the spread of COVID-19, ridesplitting has been affected due to restrictions such as social distance and home office. However, few studies have analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on ridesplitting demand. This paper selects four periods before and after the pandemic as the research objects from the ridesplitting data in Ningxia of China, and compares the changes in ridesplitting demand in the four periods. On this basis, geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model has been used to explore the impact of COVID-19 on spatiotemporal factors affecting ridesplitting demand. The results show that the impact of some factors on ridesplitting demand has changed in different periods. In addition, we visualize the spatiotemporal coefficients of the model to deeply analyze the changing trends of factors affecting ridesplitting demand under the pandemic. © ASCE.
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Introduction: In recent years, with the popularity of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) and the pandemic of COVID-19 (many young people suspected of having COVID-19 infection also routinely undergo LDCT examination), more and more ground glass opacity (GGO) featured lung adenocarcinoma have been diagnosed in young patients. Many studies have proved that the prognosis of GGO featured lung adenocarcinoma is excellent, the 5-year OS is close to 100%, but lack of attention has been paid to the clinical features and prognosis of GGO featured lung adenocarcinoma in young patients.Thus, our study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical outcome presenting as GGO featured lung adenocarcinoma in young patients. Methods: Patients aging from 15 to 40 who were diagnosed as lung adenocarcinoma and underwent video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) were reviewed from January 2017 to December 2018. According to radiological appearance of the patient’s lesions, they were divided into a GGO group and a solid nodule (SN) group. The pathological types, nodules size, surgical methods were analyzed, and the clinical characteristics and prognosis were evaluated between these patients. Results: A total of 165 patients were included, of which 133 were in the GGO group and 32 in the SN group. Both the GGO group and the SN group had a higher proportion of females and non-smokers. Compared with patients (15.63%) in the SN group, there are more patients (27.8%) under the age of 30 in the GGO group. Pathological findings showed a predominance of pre-invasive lesions in the GGO group, although 16.5% of lesions were invasive adenocarcinoma, whereas in the SN group, 96.9% were invasive adenocarcinoma. Compared to the GGO group, the SN group showed significantly worse histological characteristics and prognosis. After a median follow-up time of 41.2±7.2 months (32-56), the 3-year RFS (100%) and OS (100%) of the GGO group were significantly higher than those (93.42% and 96.88%) in the SN group. Conclusions: Young patients with GGO featured lung adenocarcinoma are mainly female and non-smokers. The vast majority of these patients were early-stage with extremely good prognosis after surgery. Further studies are required to better understand the molecular mechanisms causing younger patients to develop GGO featured lung adenocarcinoma and also identify potential targets to develop new treatment options. Keywords: Ground glass opacity, Lung adenocarcinoma, Young patients
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Background: RA has been associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes, but few studies have investigated outcomes in RA features such as interstitial lung disease. Objectives: To assess COVID-19 outcomes in patients with RA overall, and those with and without ILD, compared to general population comparators. Methods: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted at Mayo Clinic (19 hospitals and affiliated outpatient centers in 4 states) and Mass General Brigham (14 hospitals and affiliated outpatient centers in New England). Consecutive patients with RA meeting ACR/EULAR criteria and a positive COVID-19 test from March 1, 2020 through June 6, 2021 were matched 1:5 on age, sex, race, and COVID-19 test date with general population comparators without RA. RA features assessed included: RA-ILD per Bongartz criteria [1], duration, rheumatoid factor (RF), cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (CCP), bone erosions, and treatments. The primary outcome was a composite of hospitalization or death following COVID-19 diagnosis. We used multivariable Cox regression to investigate the association of RA, and features such as ILD, with COVID-19 outcomes compared to matched comparators. Results: We analyzed 582 patients with RA and 2892 comparators without RA, all with COVID-19. Mean age was 62 years, 51% were female, and 79% were White. Mean RA duration was 11 years, 67% were seropositive (52% RF+ and 54% CCP+), 27% had bone erosions, 28% were on steroids, and 79% were on DMARDs. 50/582 (9%) patients with RA had ILD. The COVID-19 hospitalization or death rate for RA patients was higher than comparators (3.0 per 1,000 days [95% CI 2.5-3.6] vs. 1.9 per 1,000 days [95% CI 1.7-2.1], respectively). Overall, RA patients had a 53% higher risk of hospitalization or death than comparators after adjustment (95% CI 1.20-1.94). Among those with RA-ILD, the hospitalization or death rate was signifcantly higher than comparators (10.9 [95% CI 6.7-15.2] vs. 2.5 per 1,000 days [1.8-3.2], respectively). RA-ILD was associated with nearly 3-fold higher risk for hospitalization or death than comparators (multivariable HR 2.84 [95% CI 1.64-4.91], Table 1). There was a signifcant interaction between RA/comparator status and presence/absence of ILD for risk of severe COVID-19 (p<0.001, Figure 1). The elevated risk for severe COVID-19 was similar for RA subgroups defned by serostatus or bone erosions. Conclusion: We confrmed that RA was associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes compared to the general population. We found evidence that ILD may be an effect modifer for the relationship between RA and severe COVID-19 outcomes, but RA subgroups defned by serostatus and bone erosions had similarly elevated risk. These fndings suggest that ILD or its treatment may be a major contributor to severe COVID-19 outcomes in RA.
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Background: Systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD) patients may be at risk for disease fare and prolonged symptom duration after COVID-19, perhaps related to DMARD disruption and immune activation. Objectives: To describe DMARD disruption and identify differences in SARD activity among patients with and without prolonged COVID-19 symptom duration. Methods: We identifed all SARD patients with confrmed COVID-19 at the Mass General Brigham healthcare system in Boston, USA;prospective recruitment is ongoing. Surveys were used to collect demographics, clinical characteristics, DMARD disruption, COVID-19 course, and SARD disease activity before and after COVID-19. The survey included validated instruments measuring disease activity, pain, fatigue, functional status, and respiratory quality of life. Prolonged symptom duration was defned as COVID-19 symptoms lasting ≥28 days. We compared differences in patient-reported measures between those with and without prolonged symptoms. Results: We analyzed survey responses from 174 COVID-19 survivors with SARDs (mean age 52±16 years, 81% female, 80% White). The most common SARDs were RA (40%) and SLE (14%). Fifty-one percent of the 127 respondents on any DMARD reported a disruption to their regimen at COVID-19 onset (Figure 1). Among individual DMARDs, 56-77% were reported to have any change, except for hydroxychloroquine (23%) and rituximab (46%). SARD fare after COVID-19 was reported by 41% of respondents (Table 1). Patient global assessment of SARD activity was worse after COVID-19 (mean 7.6±2.3 before vs. 6.6±2.9 after COVID-19, p<0.001). Prolonged symptom duration was reported by 45% of participants. Those with prolonged symptoms had a higher initial COVID-19 symptom count (median 7 vs. 4, p<0.001) and were more likely to be hospitalized for COVID-19 (28% vs. 17%, p=0.001). Respondents experiencing prolonged symptom duration had higher disease activity on RAPID3 (p=0.007) as well as more pain (p<0.001) and fatigue (p=0.03) compared to those without prolonged symptoms. Conclusion: DMARD disruption, SARD fare, and prolonged symptoms were common in this prospective study of COVID-19 survivors with SARDs. Those with prolonged COVID-19 symptom duration, defned as ≥28 days, had higher SARD activity, more pain, and more fatigue compared to those without prolonged symptoms. These fndings suggest that post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 may have a large impact on underlying SARD activity and quality of life.
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This paper analyses Aotearoa-New Zealand’s “shovel-ready fund” to assess if, and how, blue–green infrastructure systems were present in bids from its largest city regions. Findings indicate a greater prevalence in areas with existing spatial plans, and while there was some consideration of climate resilience, there was no real acknowledgement of the pandemic or human health. More positively, there was some evidence of unique indigenous influences that have potential to develop more inclusive and holistic blue–green infrastructure initiatives. The overall response, however, demonstrates a disjointed approach to blue–green infrastructure-related projects, and a missed opportunity for a more transformative response to the climate crisis and human health emergencies. © 2022 Editorial Board, Urban Policy and Research.
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This paper presents AcousticPAD, a contactless and robust handwriting recognition system that extends the input and interactions beyond the touchscreen using acoustic signals, thus very useful under the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. To achieve this, we carefully exploit acoustic pulse signals with high accuracy of time of fight (ToF) measurements. Then we employ trilateration localization method to capture the trajectory of handwriting in air. After that, we incorporate a data augmentation module to enhance the handwriting recognition performance. Finally, we customize a back propagation neural network that leverages augmented image dataset to train a model and recognize the acoustic system generated handwriting characters. We implement AcousticPAD prototype using cheap commodity acoustic sensors, and conduct extensive real environment experiments to evaluate its performance. The results validate the robustness of AcousticPAD, and show that it supports 10 digits and 26 English letters recognition at high accuracies. © 2022, The Author(s).
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With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the application of infrared (IR) optical thin films is increasingly widespread, including in aerospace, autonomous driving, military development, and the fight against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), in which thin film devices play an important role. Similarly, with the improvement of user requirements, the precision requirements for the preparation of optical films are also developing and improving. In this paper, the IR optical thickness monitoring system is studied with the noble algorithm introducing the phase-locked amplifier current and single film reflectivity coefficient. An optical control system is developed to monitor the IR thin film accurately, which aids the IR narrow-band filter film research.
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Background: limited research about Covid-19 has been done on investigating the relationship between the number of vaccinated people and confirmed cases. We investigate the hypothesis, that the number of confirmed cases would negatively correlate with the number of people fully vaccinated. Methods: The data we chose to analyze is the number of Covid-19 confirmed cases versus the cumulative number of vaccinated people in the U.S. The data is collected from CDC's official website. The data was updated daily from 13 December 2020 (The start date when the Covid-19 vaccine was first available in the U.S.) till the date we collected it, 16 June 2021. Conclusion: our study indicates that the number of Covid-19 confirmed cases decreases as the number of fully vaccinated people increases. The results of this study will provide reasonable suggestions to people who are currently uncertain about the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines and convey profound cosmopolitan implications on other countries to contain the Covid-19 outbreak. © COPYRIGHT SPIE.